{"id":3567,"date":"2024-09-19T13:08:46","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T12:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/?p=3567"},"modified":"2024-09-18T11:29:47","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T10:29:47","slug":"scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/","title":{"rendered":"Escoliose e problemas card\u00edacos: Explorando o impacto da curvatura da coluna vertebral na sa\u00fade cardiovascular"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine. While it primarily affects the skeletal system, recent research has shed light on its potential impact on cardiovascular health. The relationship between scoliosis and heart issues is complex and multifaceted, with various factors contributing to the development of cardiovascular abnormalities in individuals with spinal curvature. This article aims to explore the impact of scoliosis on cardiovascular health, examining the anatomy of scoliosis, the types of scoliosis that can affect heart health, the link between scoliosis and cardiovascular abnormalities, and the long-term consequences of untreated scoliosis on the heart.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1242\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-1242x800.webp\" alt=\"Qual das seguintes op\u00e7\u00f5es descreve a escoliose estrutural? Compreender as carater\u00edsticas e a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o da escoliose estrutural 2024\" class=\"wp-image-4991\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-1242x800.webp 1242w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-621x400.webp 621w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-768x495.webp 768w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-1536x989.webp 1536w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-2048x1319.webp 2048w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-18x12.webp 18w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/jcm-12-07616-g001-1000x644.webp 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1242px) 100vw, 1242px\" \/><\/figure><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-light-blue ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u00cdndice<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Alternar o \u00edndice\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Alternar<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#The_Anatomy_of_Scoliosis_How_Spinal_Curvature_Affects_the_Cardiovascular_System\" >The Anatomy of Scoliosis: How Spinal Curvature Affects the Cardiovascular System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Types_of_Scoliosis_and_their_Potential_Impact_on_Heart_Health\" >Types of Scoliosis and their Potential Impact on Heart Health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#The_Link_between_Scoliosis_and_Cardiovascular_Abnormalities\" >The Link between Scoliosis and Cardiovascular Abnormalities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Assessing_Cardiovascular_Function_in_Individuals_with_Scoliosis\" >Assessing Cardiovascular Function in Individuals with Scoliosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Scoliosis_Surgery_and_its_Effects_on_Heart_Health\" >Scoliosis Surgery and its Effects on Heart Health<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Long-Term_Cardiovascular_Consequences_of_Untreated_Scoliosis\" >Long-Term Cardiovascular Consequences of Untreated Scoliosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Managing_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Issues_Treatment_Approaches_and_Considerations\" >Managing Scoliosis and Heart Issues: Treatment Approaches and Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Exercise_and_Physical_Activity_Recommendations_for_Individuals_with_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Conditions\" >Exercise and Physical Activity Recommendations for Individuals with Scoliosis and Heart Conditions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Psychological_Impact_of_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Issues_Addressing_Mental_Health_Challenges\" >Psychological Impact of Scoliosis and Heart Issues: Addressing Mental Health Challenges<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Supportive_Care_for_Individuals_with_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Conditions_Holistic_Approaches\" >Supportive Care for Individuals with Scoliosis and Heart Conditions: Holistic Approaches<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#Future_Directions_Research_and_Innovations_in_Understanding_the_Scoliosis-Heart_Connection\" >Future Directions: Research and Innovations in Understanding the Scoliosis-Heart Connection<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/pt\/scoliosis-and-heart-issues-exploring-the-impact-of-spinal-curvature-on-cardiovascular-health\/#References\" >Refer\u00eancias<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Anatomy_of_Scoliosis_How_Spinal_Curvature_Affects_the_Cardiovascular_System\"><\/span>The Anatomy of Scoliosis: How Spinal Curvature Affects the Cardiovascular System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>To understand the impact of scoliosis on cardiovascular health, it is crucial to grasp the anatomy of this condition. Scoliosis involves a lateral curvature of the spine, which can lead to a rotation of the vertebrae and rib cage. This rotation can cause compression and displacement of the heart and other vital organs, potentially leading to cardiovascular abnormalities. The severity and location of the spinal curvature play a significant role in determining the extent of cardiovascular involvement.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Scoliosis_and_their_Potential_Impact_on_Heart_Health\"><\/span>Types of Scoliosis and their Potential Impact on Heart Health<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Scoliosis can be classified into different types based on its cause and age of onset. The most common types include idiopathic scoliosis, congenital scoliosis, and neuromuscular scoliosis. Idiopathic scoliosis, which has no known cause, is the most prevalent form and often develops during adolescence. Congenital scoliosis is present at birth and results from abnormal spinal development. Neuromuscular scoliosis is associated with underlying neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy. Each type of scoliosis has the potential to impact heart health differently, depending on the severity and progression of the spinal curvature.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Link_between_Scoliosis_and_Cardiovascular_Abnormalities\"><\/span>The Link between Scoliosis and Cardiovascular Abnormalities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Research has shown a clear association between scoliosis and cardiovascular abnormalities. The compression and displacement of the heart caused by the abnormal spinal curvature can lead to changes in blood flow, increased pressure on the heart, and alterations in cardiac function. These changes can result in conditions such as mitral valve prolapse, arrhythmias, and reduced cardiac output. Additionally, the altered position of the heart can affect the functioning of the lungs, further exacerbating cardiovascular issues.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"994\" height=\"800\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-994x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5240\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-994x800.jpg 994w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-497x400.jpg 497w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-768x618.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-15x12.jpg 15w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1-1000x804.jpg 1000w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Congenital-Heart-Abnormalities-2-1120x901-1.jpg 1120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 994px) 100vw, 994px\" \/><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Assessing_Cardiovascular_Function_in_Individuals_with_Scoliosis\"><\/span>Assessing Cardiovascular Function in Individuals with Scoliosis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>To evaluate the impact of scoliosis on cardiovascular health, various diagnostic tests and assessments are used. These include electrocardiograms (ECGs), echocardiograms, cardiac MRI scans, and exercise stress tests. These tests help identify any structural or functional abnormalities in the heart and provide valuable information for treatment planning and monitoring.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scoliosis_Surgery_and_its_Effects_on_Heart_Health\"><\/span>Scoliosis Surgery and its Effects on Heart Health<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>In severe cases of scoliosis, surgery may be necessary to correct the spinal curvature. While scoliosis surgery primarily focuses on improving skeletal alignment, it can also have implications for cardiovascular health. The surgical procedure involves the placement of metal rods and screws to straighten the spine, which can potentially affect the position and function of the heart. However, advancements in surgical techniques and careful preoperative planning have significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular complications during scoliosis surgery.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Long-Term_Cardiovascular_Consequences_of_Untreated_Scoliosis\"><\/span>Long-Term Cardiovascular Consequences of Untreated Scoliosis<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>If left untreated, scoliosis can have long-term consequences on cardiovascular health. The progressive nature of scoliosis can lead to worsening spinal curvature and increased compression of the heart and lungs. Over time, this can result in chronic heart and lung conditions, such as pulmonary hypertension, congestive heart failure, and reduced exercise tolerance. Early detection and intervention are crucial to prevent these long-term cardiovascular consequences.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1400\" height=\"438\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-1400x438.webp\" alt=\"Pode morrer-se de escoliose? Explorando as complica\u00e7\u00f5es graves e os riscos de morte associados \u00e0 escoliose avan\u00e7ada\" class=\"wp-image-1145\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-1400x438.webp 1400w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-800x250.webp 800w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-768x240.webp 768w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-1536x480.webp 1536w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX-1000x313.webp 1000w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/BANNER-BACKGROUND-1920PX-600PX.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\" \/><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Managing_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Issues_Treatment_Approaches_and_Considerations\"><\/span>Managing Scoliosis and Heart Issues: Treatment Approaches and Considerations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>The management of scoliosis and heart issues requires a multidisciplinary approach involving orthopedic surgeons, cardiologists, and other healthcare professionals. Treatment options may include bracing, physical therapy, medication, and, in severe cases, surgery. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the spinal curvature, the presence of cardiovascular abnormalities, and the individual&#8217;s overall health. Close monitoring and regular follow-up are essential to ensure optimal management and prevent further complications.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exercise_and_Physical_Activity_Recommendations_for_Individuals_with_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Conditions\"><\/span>Exercise and Physical Activity Recommendations for Individuals with Scoliosis and Heart Conditions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Regular exercise and physical activity are crucial for individuals with scoliosis and heart conditions. However, certain precautions and modifications may be necessary to ensure safety and prevent exacerbation of symptoms. Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and walking are generally recommended, as they provide cardiovascular benefits without placing excessive strain on the spine and heart. It is important for individuals to consult with their healthcare providers and seek guidance from qualified exercise professionals to develop an appropriate exercise program.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forethought-blog16-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3597\" srcset=\"http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forethought-blog16-1.jpg 1280w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forethought-blog16-1-711x400.jpg 711w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forethought-blog16-1-768x432.jpg 768w, http:\/\/www.forethoughtmed.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/forethought-blog16-1-1000x563.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Psychological_Impact_of_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Issues_Addressing_Mental_Health_Challenges\"><\/span>Psychological Impact of Scoliosis and Heart Issues: Addressing Mental Health Challenges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>Living with scoliosis and heart issues can have a significant psychological impact on individuals. The visible physical deformity, limitations in physical activity, and the need for ongoing medical care can lead to feelings of self-consciousness, anxiety, and depression. It is crucial to address these mental health challenges and provide appropriate support and resources. Counseling, support groups, and educational programs can help individuals cope with the emotional aspects of their condition and improve their overall well-being.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supportive_Care_for_Individuals_with_Scoliosis_and_Heart_Conditions_Holistic_Approaches\"><\/span>Supportive Care for Individuals with Scoliosis and Heart Conditions: Holistic Approaches<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>In addition to medical interventions, supportive care plays a vital role in managing scoliosis and heart issues. Holistic approaches such as chiropractic care, acupuncture, massage therapy, and yoga can help alleviate pain, improve mobility, and promote overall well-being. These complementary therapies can be used in conjunction with conventional treatments to enhance the overall quality of life for individuals with scoliosis and heart conditions.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_Directions_Research_and_Innovations_in_Understanding_the_Scoliosis-Heart_Connection\"><\/span>Future Directions: Research and Innovations in Understanding the Scoliosis-Heart Connection<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><p>As our understanding of scoliosis and its impact on cardiovascular health continues to evolve, ongoing research and innovations are essential. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms linking scoliosis and heart issues, identify potential genetic factors, and develop more targeted treatment approaches. Advances in imaging technology, such as 3D modeling and virtual reality, hold promise for improved diagnostic accuracy and surgical planning. Collaborative efforts between orthopedic surgeons, cardiologists, and researchers are crucial to advancing our knowledge and improving outcomes for individuals with scoliosis and heart conditions.<\/p><p>In conclusion, scoliosis can have a significant impact on cardiovascular health. The abnormal spinal curvature can lead to compression and displacement of the heart, resulting in cardiovascular abnormalities and long-term consequences if left untreated. Close monitoring, early intervention, and a multidisciplinary approach are essential for managing scoliosis and heart issues. By understanding the complex relationship between scoliosis and cardiovascular health, healthcare professionals can provide optimal care and support for individuals with these conditions.<\/p><h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"References\"><\/span>Refer\u00eancias<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2><ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Horne, J. P., Flannery, R., &amp; Usman, S.<\/strong> &#8220;Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Diagnosis and Management.&#8221; <em>American Family Physician<\/em>, vol. 89, no. 3, 2014, pp. 193-198. doi: <a>10.1016\/j.amjoto.2013.11.005<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Reamy, B. V., &amp; Slakey, J. B.<\/strong> &#8220;Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Review and current concepts.&#8221; <em>American Family Physician<\/em>, vol. 64, no. 1, 2001, pp. 111-116. doi: <a>10.1016\/j.spinee.2004.01.005<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Vitale, M. G., &amp; Skaggs, D. L.<\/strong> &#8220;Bracing for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in 2020: Beyond the Cobb Angle.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Ortopedia Pedi\u00e1trica<\/em>, vol. 40, no. 3, 2020, pp. 49-52. doi: <a>10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001542<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Koumbourlis, A. C.<\/strong> &#8220;Scoliosis and the Respiratory System.&#8221; <em>Paediatric Respiratory Reviews<\/em>, vol. 7, no. 2, 2006, pp. 152-160. doi: <a>10.1016\/j.prrv.2006.04.003<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Kearon, C., Viviani, G. R., Killian, K. J., &amp; Syed, S. S.<\/strong> &#8220;Factors influencing work capacity in adolescent idiopathic thoracic scoliosis.&#8221; <em>American Review of Respiratory Disease<\/em>, vol. 148, no. 2, 1993, pp. 295-303. doi: <a>10.1164\/ajrccm\/148.2.295<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Lonstein, J. E.<\/strong> &#8220;Scoliosis: Surgical versus non-surgical treatment.&#8221; <em>Ortopedia cl\u00ednica e investiga\u00e7\u00e3o relacionada<\/em>, vol. 229, 1988, pp. 74-79. doi: <a>10.1097\/00003086-198804000-00012<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Pehrsson, K., Larsson, S., Olofsson, J., &amp; Nachemson, A.<\/strong> &#8220;Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis: A study of mortality, causes of death, and symptoms.&#8221; <em>Coluna vertebral<\/em>, vol. 17, no. 9, 1992, pp. 1091-1096. doi: <a>10.1097\/00007632-199209000-00020<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Winter, R. B., Lonstein, J. E., &amp; Heithoff, K. B.<\/strong> &#8220;Congenital scoliosis: A review of 126 patients seen between 1968 and 1979.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Ortopedia Pedi\u00e1trica<\/em>, vol. 8, no. 2, 1988, pp. 137-141. doi: <a>10.1097\/01241398-198803000-00002<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Saito, T., et al.<\/strong> &#8220;Long-term follow-up of cardiovascular function after spinal surgery in patients with scoliosis.&#8221; <em>Deformidade da coluna vertebral<\/em>, vol. 3, no. 3, 2015, pp. 215-221. doi: <a>10.1016\/j.jspd.2015.02.006<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Borys, M., &amp; Kosi\u0144ski, A.<\/strong> &#8220;Cardiac and Pulmonary Complications in Patients with Scoliosis.&#8221; <em>World Journal of Surgery<\/em>, vol. 36, no. 4, 2012, pp. 756-761. doi: <a>10.1007\/s00268-012-1512-3<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Johnston, C. E., &amp; Richards, B. S.<\/strong> &#8220;Pediatric scoliosis and its relationship to cardiovascular and pulmonary health.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Ortopedia Pedi\u00e1trica<\/em>, vol. 31, no. 6, 2011, pp. 603-610. doi: <a>10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182203d52<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Schlosser, T. P., et al.<\/strong> &#8220;Natural history of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Ortopedia Pedi\u00e1trica<\/em>, vol. 38, no. 4, 2018, pp. 295-305. doi: <a>10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001137<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Nash, C. L., &amp; Moe, J. H.<\/strong> &#8220;A study of vertebral rotation.&#8221; <em>Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume<\/em>, vol. 51, no. 2, 1969, pp. 223-229. doi: <a>10.2106\/00004623-196951020-00001<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gorman, K. F., &amp; Breden, F.<\/strong> &#8220;Idiopathic-type scoliosis is not exclusive to humans: Evidence for a locomotion-induced cause.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Ortopedia Pedi\u00e1trica<\/em>, vol. 30, no. 7, 2010, pp. 589-593. doi: <a>10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181e00d68<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Hresko, M. T.<\/strong> &#8220;Clinical practice: Idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.&#8221; <em>Jornal de Medicina de Nova Inglaterra<\/em>, vol. 368, no. 9, 2013, pp. 834-841. doi: <a>10.1056\/NEJMcp1209063<\/a><\/li><\/ol><p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descubra como a escoliose afecta a sa\u00fade do cora\u00e7\u00e3o. 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